The Influence of Winter Wheat on the Useful Quantity of Food by Carbohydrate Solutions
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Abstract
In Uzbekistan, soft winter wheat cultivated on irrigated lands contributes significantly to national grain self-sufficiency. Despite improvements in yield, the protein content of these grains remains below quality standards for baking, prompting a search for agronomic solutions. Previous attempts to breed high-protein soft wheat varieties have not matched the protein levels of hard wheat, and effective methods for post-germination enrichment remain underexplored. This study investigates the impact of foliar application of urea (carbomide) solutions at different growth stages on protein content in two autumn soft wheat varieties—Yaksart and Ghozgon—under irrigated field conditions. Field experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2017 using urea concentrations of 30, 40, and 50 kg/ha, applied at the full heading stage and/or at the onset of embryonic development. Protein content was measured using standard biochemical analysis. The highest protein increases were observed with a 40 kg/ha urea solution applied at both key growth stages, yielding gains of up to 2.53% in the Ghozgon variety and 2.42% in the Yaksart variety, compared to controls. Single-phase applications were less effective. This study demonstrates for the first time the dual-stage foliar application of urea as a practical and highly effective approach to enhancing grain protein content in soft wheat grown on irrigated soils. These findings provide a viable agronomic strategy to improve wheat quality, with potential implications for food security and bread-making industries in irrigated region.
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References
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